Showing posts with label Graham Greene. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Graham Greene. Show all posts

Thursday, 26 December 2024

Review of 2024: Part 1 – Books

Hello,

It's been a challenging year, hasn't it. Got through a few books, anyway.

As is traditional, I start the round-up by telling you about my own writing, which I appreciate is pretty cheeky. Many of my favourite pieces this year, though, ran only in print, or hopefully soon will do:

1. Goddamn Hell is the best thing I've written in any year; I finished this novel in February. It's a love story about writing, mental illness and ice-skating musicals, centring on a lesbian screenwriter in Hollywood in 1937. It got all the way to the acquisitions meeting at one big publisher, then they passed on it, so we're still in the submissions process...

2. My two-pager on the majesty of Howard Hawks' Only Angels Have Wings (1939) ran in Empire last month. Here's an excerpt about Jules Furthman and the incomparable beauty of '30s screenwriting:
3. My Blu-ray essays this year included a look at Rita Hayworth's brutal physical transformation and Fred Astaire's post-Ginger struggles, for Indicator's release of You'll Never Get Rich (1941), which you can buy here. I've crafted two more pieces (these really are a labour of love, deeply researched and lovingly written), which will be out by April. The first explains how the cult 1941 movie, The Shepherd of the Hills, unwittingly chased the course of American cinema.

4. I reviewed new cinema releases for the i Paper, and some titles relating to Old Hollywood for Sight & Sound. Highlights? Well, I received a remarkable amount of unhinged abuse for admitting that I don't really like Yorgos Lanthimos films. And here I am on the recent Bogart doc:
5. My spoken introduction for the BFI's screening of Captain Blood (1935) is available to read here here.

6. A couple of years ago, I decided to curb my general gig-going quite a bit, but to see my two musical idols whenever I can. It was a great decision. Here's a piece on my trip to Norway to see Susanne Sundfør's wonderfully esoteric church concerts in southern Norway. And here are some thoughts on Adrianne Lenker's tour of Ireland and the UK. I feel so lucky to have been heard these shows, and really just to be alive at the same time as these two artists.

If you would care to follow me on my Bluesky, I link to all my writing on there; I have major features for Line of Best Fit and the i Paper out in the first fortnight of the year.

Now I'll tell you about all the things I read. To be honest, I've been so busy writing this year that I haven't been making my usual notes as I go, so this is mostly from memory (what a con), but here goes...

FICTION
Only one book made me cry on a train this year, so I guess Intermezzo (2024) by Sally Rooney was my favourite novel of 2024. I think that, of all the writers I love, she'd be the easiest to pick holes in, but why would you? Intermezzo is both her simplest and most complex book so far. Here, love is a more refined, straightforward thing, yet its ramifications as it comes into contact with society, with trauma, with disfiguring insecurity, are impossibly tangled. I find her work so deeply moving, and here her sadism – the recourse to moments of breathtaking, wounded cruelty – is offset by a warmhearted emotionalism that's filtered through realism but never buried. That quality is exemplified by Ivan, an autistic chess champion and recovering incel who speaks with a frowning sincerity. He's the most memorable character I've encountered in a year or two, and the way Rooney plays with your perceptions, shifting your sympathies slow or fast is ingenious. Is there anyone writing today more alive to the possibilities of the all-seeing third-person voice?

I'm pretty tired, just now, of pseudo-left culture wars tracts masquerading as literature (is that what art is for?) Which is one of the many reasons why Cecilia Rabess' Everything’s Fine (2023) was so refreshing. It's a provocative romance between a Black liberal woman and a white Republican man, in which she's not always sure and he's not always wrong. Instead of a didactic, spoon-feeding polemic, Rabess gives us something more ambivalent, asking us to sit out with our unease, and sneaking her more progressive ideas into a traditional genre template. The results are disquieting, nicely-phrased and pretty hot; dialogue-heavy but with an understanding of what dialogue can do. If the book dips just a little when its protagonist returns to Lincoln to wrestle with her past, it comes roaring back. Stunning, really.
I'd never heard of the Canadian stand-up, Norm Macdonald, prior to his death, but now spend around 40 per cent of my life watching his stuff. He also wrote a memoir, Based on a True Story (2016), which as you'll see is in the 'fiction' section of this round-up, as it's the most inspired kind of bollocks. Macdonald posed as a dumb fuck for comic purposes but was really a Tolstoy obsessive, and a pathological irrationality infects his characters, as they face fate, shoot up morphine and toss off strangers. I'd always thought that punching down was a thing I abhorred, but Norm does it with such twinkly-eyed postmodernist subversion that he burns all the rules. Or maybe, like he says, you can analyse it afterwards all you want, but laughter is involuntary. Here, he elicits it laughter by presenting himself as an oblivious, narcissistic monster, while throwing in an expanded version of his legendary Moth Joke (again, inspired by classic Russian literature), allowing a ghostwriter called 'Charles Manson' to commandeer the narrative, and permitting a diversion in which a terminally-ill 10-year-old boy has his dying wish made true by a Make-a-Wish-like foundation: he would like to club a seal to death. The real Norm, like his literary alter-ego, was a compulsive gambler; it bankrupted him twice, but artistically the gamble almost always paid off. The two pages in which he flips the most celebrated episode of his career on its head (here being sacked for refusing to keep making jokes about O. J. Simpson's guilt on Saturday Night Live) is just the most inspired piece of alternate history. Reflecting on the supposedly shameful gags, he concludes: "We had mostly been fuelled by my lifelong institutionalised racism ... The only thing O. J. Simpson was guilty of was being the greatest running back in the history of football. And while O. J. Simpson had proven himself to be the greatest rusher, I had proven myself to be the greatest rusher to judgement."
If I'm ever stuck for what to read, or find myself trapped in a run of bad novels, I'll pick up a Graham Greene book. I read three this year. The End of the Affair (1951) was my favourite, and, like many of his best, makes you pay in advance for the climactic moments of forgiveness, solace and beauty, positively drenching you first in its narrator's misguided bitterness. "One can't love humanity, one can only love people," Greene writes in The Ministry of Fear (1943). That was one of his 'entertainments', as he called his less serious books, but while it's a noir thriller whose Macguffin is a cake, it's also an extraordinarily rich and resonant book, ruminating on the nature of (un)happiness, shot through with Catholic guilt – twisting into pity, endlessly regenerated by memories of a mercy killing – and offering, through words alone, an astonishingly vivid portrait of Blitz-era London. If Penelope Fitzgerald's Human Voices remains some kind of highwater mark in that regard, that masterpiece focused more on complete sensory overload (the shoes crunching on glass!), whereas Greene's primarily visual approach offers a God's-eye view of a city broken into villages by the nighttime assault, each area meeting a different fate, before he zooms in to the bleak everyday surrealism of smoking ruins. I'm not sure if the book's second-act, in which we decamp to a psychiatric hospital is, in the moment, as dramatically or emotionally successful as the rest, but it is a crucial part of Greene's thesis (as well as his favourite part of the novel), smuggled in under the guise of cheap thrills: that love and life are only meaningful when we embrace the complexity of adulthood. It almost goes without saying that every one of Greene's characters is drawn so sharply as to be completely memorable. And that he ruminates at least once on the fate of mediocre men played like instruments by God or the Devil. Then there was A Gun for Sale (1936), which even by his standards is eye-wateringly caustic as it introducing us to the worldview of Raven, a misanthrope with a harelip who kills for a living. Once more, though, its explicit nastiness is not the book's purpose, but a literary tactic, a rite of passage, a fire you walk through to reach a belated and misshapen humanity. He'll to meet a girl, you see, and almost love her, and in the end it'll be him you feel sorry for.

That's Greene, then. But if I'm feeling blue, I turn to Wodehouse. I must have felt blue at least four times this year. I'm working my way through the world of Jeeves and Wooster in order, and in 2024 reached the mid-'50s. Ring for Jeeves (1953) was a palate cleanser and a curio but not a classic: a novelisation of a stage play, done in the third person and with Bertie nowhere to be seen. It all felt a little reheated, and gently dyspeptic about postwar political progress, but it was easy to take and funny in spots, blessed with the memorable supporting character of amorous colonial big-game hunter, Captain Biggar. I loved Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit (1954), though, with Wodehouse close to peak form, juggling the usual elements (a necklace, a great chef, a furious aunt) with effortless command, and writing in that perfected later style. I greatly enjoyed his early rom-com Piccadilly Jim (1937) too, and carried on my tour of Blandings castle and its environs in Blandings Castle and Elsewhere (1935), which proves wonderful at Blandings, but conspicuously less so elsewhere. The Hollywood-set short stories that make up most of the book's remainder are as subtly satirical as a sledgehammer to the face, feeling neither escapist nor remotely real.
Nathanael West's Miss Lonelyhearts (1933) is like a shot of neat vodka, or vinegar, or poison: a corrosive, startling, violent, vile, unhinged book about a Christ-fixated newspaper agony aunt who responds to the weight of his correspondents' agonies by going completely insane across 15 short, excoriating chapters. This being West, there is a rape fantasy, a disabled cuckold, and a nihilism ending in death that might be art but might just as likely be only a perverted and adolescent misanthropy. It has something, certainly, though I'm not sure that viewing life as unremittingly bleak, and people as unremittingly abhorrent, is any more complex or profound than the sunny musical fantasies West was soon writing in Hollywood. (As a screenwriter at Republic and a denizen of writers' hangout Musso & Frank, he earned a non-speaking cameo in Goddamn Hell.)

The Eyre Affair (2001) by Jasper Fforde, in which a psychopath disappears into the pages of Charlotte Bronte's finest, was inventive and endlessly postmodern, but I think I liked it most when it was being entirely original rather than eliciting the words, "Oh that's quite clever". I enjoyed Tom Perrotta's sequel to Election, Tracy Flick Can't Win (2022), notably sympathetic to its sad and disillusioned heroine, though the way it is leading only to an act of male violence feels in retrospect like a journey to a lit-fic well that ran dry years ago.

I got around to a few established classics that had previously eluded me. Lolita (1955) by Vladimir Nabokov was a daring stylistic feat, with a dazzling first half and a staggering vocabulary in the guy's second language, yet with a hundred pages to go I couldn't wait for it to be over. I'm still unsure whether that was because of an intentionally-engendered unease or a sort of sullied boredom at its repetition, and relentless griminess. George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1860) couldn't compete with Middlemarch, but then what can? Dealing with self-destruction in both its minutiae and cosmic significance, it's excellent right up until a curiously misguided final act. Portnoy's Complaint (1969) was conspicuously less my thing. Sure, Roth was brilliant, but I preferred it when he applied that genius to subjects other than wanking.

Ironically, Starter for Ten (2003) by David Nicholls already feels as old-fashioned as the Roth book, with its derivative nebbish hero, paper-thin female characters and broad comic situations, though the eponymous sequence it's leading to is neatly done. Also rather exhausting in its familiarity was Michael Chabon's Wonder Boys (1995). The book's wonderful opening, full of impish invention and real feeling, gives way to baggy, aimless cliche. I think I may have read enough serio-comic novels now about irresponsible, pothead professors undone by their sexual appetites. Chabon's evocation of literary worlds within a world works well here and found its apotheosis in Kavalier & Clay, but the Lucky Jim/A Good Man in Africa thing has just been done so many times now, and meticulous set-pieces in comic lit novels are usually little short of excruciating.
Erasure (2011) by Percival Everett was also several dazzling passages – most of them about the dehumanising simplification and ghettofication of black experience – in search of a coherent whole, while in Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway (1925) it transpired that the birth of modernism was challenging and occasionally relevatory, but for the most part genuinely quite dull, circling its pivotal events with the lithe grace of a slug. I read The Shepherd of the Hills (1907) by Harold Bell Wright as research for my essay on the film; it's deeply Christian, profoundly Victorian and slightly confusing, but with moments of heartening sincerity. The central criminal gang in the book is called the "Bald Knobbers".

A couple of recent zeitgeisty novels deeply underwhelmed. Ironically, Yellowface (2023) by R. F. Kuang has a narrator who complains that one random book is anointed as the chosen one and then pushed onto the public and... yeah. It's a pageturner about literary deceit that has virtually nothing to say, exiting the brain as soon as it's over. I enjoyed the start and the very end of Kaliane Bradley's The Ministry of Time (2024), but the shapeless middle lost me, and I think this style of writing (distractingly flowery at the sentence level) just isn’t something I respond to.
I also got little (save some observations for an essay) from Hans Fallada's Little Man, What Now? (1932), which became a beautiful Frank Borzage/Margaret Sullavan film. It was an international bestseller and an emblematic success for the New Objectivism, but while it's inescapably eerie in its depiction of the economic climate that enabled Nazism, on its own terms it's curiously unimpressive. Fallada is transparently in love with one of his own characters, Lämmchen, which rarely works out well.

The most breathtakingly tedious work of fiction that I read this year was The Well of Loneliness (1928) by Radclyffe Hall. Somewhere in there is a good 120-page novel about gender and sexuality in the early part of the 20th century. I would argue that it is somewhat lost in an endlessly overwritten 500-page book that keeps cutting to horses for their insights (?).

***

NON-FICTION
By far the best non-fiction work I read this year was Doris Kearns Goodwin's magisterial Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (2004). Its USP – a joint portrait of four men who ran for the Republican nomination in 1860, then formed the administration that saw America through the Civil War – is arguably its weak point, since none of the other three politicians (Seward, Chase and Bates) are anywhere near as fascinating as Lincoln. He's the focus, though, and by the time you reach his assassination, he's no longer a dusty figure from history, his demise the basis for an old joke, but a vivid, complicated, truly heroic man whose death you can scarcely bring yourself to read about. This masterpiece is not just a study in leadership (which implies the chilling idea that it could be discussed on The Diary of a CEO) but in power, and most importantly humanity.

I also loved The Eagle and the Hart: The Tragedy of Richard II and Henry IV (2024) by Helen Castor, which deals with the fantastically shallow, vainglorious king ultimately usurped by his war-hero brother. Once you're 60 pages in and have a handle on who on earth all these people are, it's a pulsating read, with Castor effortlessly juggling the numerous narrative strands, and leaving the distinct impression that she was standing around watching these events transpire.
This was the year, though, of Janet Malcolm. In a sense, every year is the year of Janet Malcolm, but in 2024 I really binged. What a writer she was: utterly unique. For newcomers, this Czech-American non-fiction writer, long of the New Yorker, had an immediately recognisable style of prose, and of provocative thinking. In her ability to write in rhythm, to reach for the perfect word, and to unlock or expose her subject with an observation that another journalist would have cut if they hadn't missed it entirely, there really was nobody even remotely like her. Still Pictures (2023), published posthumously, may just be her greatest achievement, and certainly her most personal: a series of singular snapshots, triggered by literal snapshots from throughout her life. In the Freud Archives (1983) was her breakthrough: a piercing and piquant mixture of insight and gossip about the struggle for control of Freud's papers, climaxing with one of the great literary pay-offs. The Crime of Sheila Gough (2000) is the brilliantly offbeat study of a saint-like lawyer who was essentially jailed for being extremely irritating. In The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes (1993), Malcolm wages war on the very concept of biography (while coming down on the side of Ted Hughes), only to offer her own addition to the genre: Two Lives: Gertrude and Alice (2007) a startling, dual sketch-portrait of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, with the author, as ever, leaving one discovery up her sleeve for the final moments. Malcolm's third essays collection, Nobody's Looking at You (2019), has more misses than the previous anthologies (two features are atypically tame: a gushing interview with fashion designer Eileen Fisher, and a toothless celebration of author Alexander McCall Smith), but most of the pieces have at least one telling detail, startling insight or inspired and extended rhetorical gamble with which to dazzle you. If Malcolm arguably hit her peak in the '90s, when she seemed to reach a peak of both precision, and clarity of structure, as well as creating her single most influential work (The Journalist and the Murderer), almost everything she wrote was remarkable to some degree. And though she's best known for her interview profiles, some of the other items here are extraordinary: a vivid account of supreme court confirmation hearings (2006), a revisionist battering of popular translations of Tolstoy (2016), and an evisceration of a sensationalist biography of Ted Hughes (2016). Of the seven Malcolm books I luxuriated in this year, only Iphigeneia in Forest Hills: Anatomy of a Murder Trial (2011) slightly missed the mark: the point of the thing being lost somewhere along the way.

Patrick Radden Keefe's excellent Say Nothing (2018) compares favourably to the similarly-themed (and desperately dry) Killing Thatcher, weaving together four human stories to illuminate the Troubles. Its more novelistic leanings have proven controversial, but I found it hugely impressive.
There But for Fortune: The Life of Phil Ochs (1996) by Michael Schumacher is the principal biography of my guy, a Dylan who genuinely cared: probably too much. Ochs grew up loving America, and just wanted to be one of its pop stars. By 1963, he was a folk-singing radical; by '68, he was a key figure of the counterculture; by '76, he was dead. Ochs was undeniably complicated: his concept of social justice was overwhelmingly male, his relationships with women tended to involve visiting brothels, and his struggles with bipolar disorder and the mania and alcoholism it led to resulted ultimately in explosions of self-hating violence. He was, in his way, also one of the most moral people I've ever encountered, refusing to compromise on his ideals even when it meant harrassment from the FBI, career death, and the deterioration of his own mental wellbeing. In Schumacher's book, this inspiring, heartbreaking story is told fairly well; after a strong opening chapter, the writing becomes mostly functional and unpolished, save for a sequence in which Ochs' schizophrenia spirals, and the author literally replaces him with his alter-ego John Butler Train, a remarkable gamble that proves devastatingly effective. The research is extremely impressive, even if the conclusions it leads to can be questionable, and, perplexingly, periodically unpicked. While music is, like so many things, subjective, I'd also argue that Schumacher wildly underrates Ochs' masterpiece, the astonishing post-Chicago record, Rehearsals for Retirement.

Speaking of Bob, Elijah Wald's Dylan Goes Electric! Newport, Seeger, Dylan and the Night That Split the Sixties (2015) is an impressive feat that has led to something unspeakable (a biopic starring Timothee Chalamet). The book effectively allows you to stroll around Newport during the festivals of 1963-5, an incalculable treat, with Wald an agreeably nuanced and nerdy companion, explaining the intricacies, complexities and internal contradictions of the folk revival, and what was lost, as well as gained, when Dylan plugged in. I've just written a piece on the subject, which is out in a fortnight's time. Suze Rotolo, Dylan's girlfriend pictured with him on the front of The Freewheelin'..., published A Freewheelin’ Time: A Memoir of Greenwich Village in the ‘60s in 2008. It's incoherent in structure, and suffers somewhat from Rotolo's reserve, which is both impressive to behold, and slightly frustrating when you've just bought her book. Despite a few candid moments, she doesn't come across as interestingly as in Dylan's own unreliable memoir, Chronicles, which may be because she has a fairly flat prose style and he is one of the greatest writers who has ever lived. She seems like a nicer and wiser person, though.

I read a couple of other Dylan books too, to get me in the mood for his Albert Hall shows this year: Clinton Heylin's The Double Life of Bob Dylan: Vol. 1, 1941-66 – A Restless, Hungry Feeling, and Vol 2, 1966-2021 – Far Away from Myself (2022). These are puzzling books. Heylin knows more about the minutiae of Dylan's life, and his creative process, than anyone alive. But he isn't very relaxing or empathetic company, his constant digs at rival scholars are exhausting, and these new volumes based on discoveries in the recently-opened Tulsa Archive can feel more like bibliographies or appendices than conventional biographies. Vol. 1 starts off almost in an SPQR or The Silent Woman vein: more about the sources than the story itself, getting lost in paperwork. Yet there are revelations every few pages, and the section at the beginning of Vol. 2 on Dylan’s creative block from 1969-73 is a small masterpiece of research and reevaluation. It's a shame then that Heylin is so perpetually disappointed by Dylan, a man he is fixated upon, and has grown to loathe, as if the investment of time and the lack of reciprocity or absence of human perfection has begun to sicken him. He is endlessly vocal, too, about Dylan's supposed lies in print. I'm not sure what the author expects: a person to reveal, at all times, and in public, the full details of every aspect of their life? Dylan's an artist, whose mythmaking isn't mere cowardice or shifty secretiveness or even protective obfuscation, it's part of the art. Heylin also appears furious at his subject for the cut-and-paste collaging in some of his later work, but isn't that what Heylin is doing here, writing sentences that so often end with phrases taken from Dylan lyrics? By the end of the second book, it has all become simply an exercise in gossip and spite; when Heylin reappraises 'Tin Angel' (a lost gem from 2011's Tempest), it's particularly striking, as you suddenly realise that the author has barely said anything nice about his subject for about 300 pages, or 20 years. The endnote and acknowledgments, in their unexpected sweetness, only serve to compound the issue.

How to Win an Information War: The Propagandist Who Outwitted Hitler (2024) by Peter Pomerantsev is a rather wonderful biography of the offbeat, roguish Anglo-German propagandist, Sefton Delmer, focusing on his black broadcasts into Nazi territory during World War Two. Where the book falls down is when the Kyiv-born Pomerantsev, understandably blinded by grief, attempts to apply the lessons learnt to the contemporary world, and frequently elides the current Russian state with Nazi Germany, which is not a coherent comparison.
Other sporadically interesting non-fiction books included John Ganz's When the Clock Broke: Con Men, Conspiracists, and How America Cracked Up in the Early 1990s (2024): essentially a succession of loosely-linked essays about the far-right during that period, its short-term failure, and the warnings that weren't heeded. Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln’s Killer (2006) by James L. Swanson was potentially intriguing but hobbled by its ambitious hour-by-hour structure, while in Homegrown: Timothy McVeigh and the Rise of Right-Wing Extremism (2023) noted public masturbator Jeffrey Toobin hurriedly rewrote a book about the Oklahoma Bombing in the wake of the January 6 uprising. It was still at least a good deal better than American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh & the Oklahoma City Bombing by Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck (2001/2015), in which the writers got catastrophically close to McVeigh, sentimentalising him (the early stretches as rosily reverential as a presidential biography) and taking almost everything he said at face value. The result is simply bad journalism – tasteless and hopelessly skewed – though as an unfiltered portrait of how America’s most notorious domestic terrorist saw himself and his act of senseless slaughter, it is unwittingly fascinating. At the time, McVeigh was depicted in the press as an unusually well-read and articulate mass murderer, a portrait that wasn't only irresponsible but false, given that he was a thick piece of shit.

Most of my reading about movies this year was piecemeal: I had so many sources to inhale for work that I couldn't hope to read them all in entirety. I did that with a couple, though. In and Out of Character (1962) is the memoir of Basil Rathbone, an actor who exists in the popular imagination as the screen's first real Sherlock Holmes, a role he played 14 times on screen, and a couple of hundred times on the radio. It is really, though, a portrait of an English gent of a certain period: gooey about dogs, suspicious of gays, racist towards the Chinese, and scarred by his experiences in World War One, where he won a Military Cross and lost his brother. Rathbone wrote the book himself, which I always prefer, since if the point of autobiography is to give us as close to the unfiltered person as possible, then it is the shortest route to that. In this case, Rathbone is a frustrated writer whose prose oscillates between the elegant and amateurish. There are deeply moving sections fuelled by overpowering feelings of nostalgia, and lively passages dealing with Rathbone's childhood (fleeing South Africa, where his dad was apparently a spy) and stage work (the conception of Judas in his labour-of-love play is totally fascinating), alternating with stretches of anodyne waffle, anecdotes about strange psychic happenings, and endless uninteresting tales about his dogs. He also hates TV with a mixture of righteousness, prescience and frothing insanity. On the subject of Holmes, the author is both grumpy and extremely sentimental; curiously, he chooses to include three short stories as part of the book: two of them deal involve fantasies in which he meets either Holmes or Watson. Otherwise he deals with his film career only fleetingly. His wife, Ouida, a screenwriter and notorious snob and social climber who appears to have been one of Hollywood's most inveterate partygivers and most disliked people, is the subject of numerous gushing tributes of the 'tell don't show' variety; her chief virtues appear to have been that she was loyal and very organised. The promisingly-titled The Purple Diaries: Mary Astor and the Most Sensational Hollywood Scandal of the 1930s (2016) by Joseph Egan is undermined by the fact that the diary in question has never been made public and the sections reported in the press were apparently false. That's a shame, then. Egan does a fair job of explaining what happened, though his periodically gushing tone isn't ideal, and it would have been great if what happened had been more interesting.
Some Men in London: Vol. 1 – Queer Life, 1945-59 (2024), edited by Peter Parker, has a great title, a great cover and a great concept, being an anthology of diary entries, extracts from novels, and court reports intended to paint a picture of life as it was for gay men in the capital following the war, but before the legalisation of homosexuality. Sometimes it works: there are moments of poignancy, humour and insight, but the selections are ultimately too samey, and the clear strain of paedophilia in several of the entries is to be honest pretty fucking alarming. I was also left rather underwhelmed by Bad Boy: The Life and Politics of Lee Atwater (1996) by John Joseph Brady, a biography of George H. W. Bush's blues-loving dirty tricks specialist, who remains as elusive at the end of the book as at the beginning, where his supposed Damascene conversion is comprehensively overplayed.

1999: Manchester United, the Treble and All That (2022) by Matt Dickinson is rendered almost incomprehensible by its baffling 99-chapter structure. I was hoping to revel once more in the happiest season of my football-going life, when I was 15, living in Manchester, and United-mad, yet within a few disjointed chapters we've been forced to spend time with Piers Morgan, Greg Dyke and Martin Edwards. The highlight, beyond the chance to relive the football, is the now thoroughly discredited Ryan Giggs bringing Jesper Blomqvist into the United dressing room on the Swede's first day at the club, turning him round so his back was now facing David May, and saying, "Maysie, you'd recognise this guy now, wouldn't you?"
We move on now to the absolute stinkers. T. V. – Big Adventures on the Small Screen (2023) is Peter Kay's decidedly half-arsed cash-in third book. The excerpts from the scripts of Phoenix Nights and Car Share show how funny and talented the guy is (Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere, not so much), but also suggest the padding of a book that consists primarily of mentioning TV shows from the '70s, describing scenes from his own work that we could just watch instead, and telling us that he won some awards. There are a few fun bits of behind-the-scenes gossip (special mention for the cameo from Phoenix Nights' little people), but if I'd paid full whack for this book, the lazy repetition of language would make me feel like someone had their hand in my pocket. Luckily I got it for a quid on the Kindle. It's interesting to compare T. V. to Norm's book, not just in the sense that one is art and the other is shite, but how here the punching down seems gratuitous and ugly, with innumerable dismissive jokes about disabled people. For a writer who has created warm and deft and subtle work, there's also an awful lot of material here about farts and shitting. At one point he criticises The Sunday Show for "ripping the piss out of celebrities" and then spends the next few pages doing exactly the same thing. Curious. The Reporter Who Knew Too Much: The Mysterious Death of What’s My Line TV Star and Media Icon, Dorothy Kilgallen (2016) takes us unwantedly into the head of a conspiracy theorist. Its persuasive circumstantial evidence could be neatly summarised in a couple of sides, but it goes on for over 300 fucking pages (!), with author Mark Shaw repeatedly recounting the same few facts, prefaced with the crank's mantra, "Remember how...". That book looks like Truman Capote at his zenith, though, compared with Capote’s Women (2021) by Laurence Leamer, the first and worst book I read this year. Its story might have made a decent long read, focusing only on the moment of betrayal. But stretched out interminably, it is instead about uninteresting rich people and the clothes they’ve put on. Vacuous and terribly written.

***

Thanks for reading. I'll write Part 2, about movies, next.

Tuesday, 4 July 2017

Why I love FDR, and other stories – Reviews #270

I had a week off, so I read a couple of books, watched a couple of films and went to a castle. I saw Jackson Browne live too (and Kraftwerk, but I was working and I don't know much about them, so my review would be terrible). I haven't managed to crowbar FDR into all of the below, but I've honestly done my best.

BOOKS


I read about the New Deal in Deal, which I continue to insist wasn't intentional.

FDR by Jean Edward Smith (2007) – This immense, one-volume biography of America’s greatest president is weighty in every sense of the word, marshalling a staggering number of facts, characters and insights to evoke and explain the life of FDR – and touching a kilo on the kitchen scales, as it runs to almost 800 pages, including the copious, detailed end notes. Smith, who has previously done a similar job on (18th president) Ulysses S. Grant and military commander Lucius D. Clay, deviates from the general rule of great biographies – which from T. Harry Williams’ groundbreaking Huey Long to Lee Server’s Baby, I Don’t Care draw their life from first-hand interviews – by weaving together a rich, complex and immensely readable narrative from secondary sources and from many memoirs, memos and letters that afford incredible access. He has read every book about FDR, which helps to shape his nuanced and insightful conclusions, but he’s also interested in the real pleasures of historical writing: when Roosevelt sits down with Stalin and Churchill, we feel we're really there.

Roosevelt had a privileged upbringing, his character forged at the independent school Groton, and his ability to ‘read people’ developed during his time at Harvard, where he stayed on to edit the school paper. By the time he entered politics, he was a charming but apparently callow man who didn’t stand for anything, except an outspoken objection to ‘bossism’ (whereby unelected fixers like Tammany Hall’s liberal-minded Charles Murphy wielded great power and patronage). He was changed, according to popular legend, when he contracted polio in 1921, which gave him an understanding of suffering, and also brought him into contact with dirt-poor Georgia farmers – his neighbours at the Warm Springs facility – whose abject poverty caused him to question the economic consensus. Smith, argues, though – and convincingly – that FDR’s doomed extra-marital affair with a gregarious Catholic socialite, Lucy Mercer, did as much to change his outlook: as the experience taught his wife, Eleanor, the complexities of the human heart, so it gave the future president an understanding of love and loss that turned him from a simple man into one with a great capacity for understanding.


The 1933 inauguration.

When FDR ascended to the presidency in 1933, America was in the grips of a calamitous depression in which a quarter of adults were out of work, ‘Hoovervilles’ – temporary encampments of homeless people living in cardboard boxes and makeshift huts – had bred in all major cities, and his predecessor had just called out the National Guard to shoot unarmed veterans pleading to receive their WWI bonus ahead of time. As one of the Bonus Army later put it, after Eleanor Roosevelt visited them: “Hoover sent the army, Roosevelt sent his wife.” Once in the Oval Office, FDR responded to the crisis by enacting the most radical policy programme in American history, introducing the Civil Works Administration as a temporary lifeline, creating the Tennessee Valley Association to reinvigorate Southern farming, finding work for 300,000 people (and 3m in total) through the Civilian Conservation Corps, and pouring money into the Works Progress Administration, which employed 8.5m people across eight years, building hundreds of schools, bridges and parks, and finding work for the likes of Orson Welles as part of its Federal Arts Project. While some of the measures were pragmatic and reactive, resolving the specific problems of early ‘30s America, FDR also introduced social security, unemployment insurance and rural electrification, while his priorities were elucidated by his hard-fought hours-and-wages legislation (1938) and the GI Bill (1944), which after the president’s death in 1945 essentially safeguarded his country, and his draftees, against a repeat of the disastrous fall-out from WWI. Had he lived, America would surely be unrecognisable now from the divided, unequal, poisoned well of democracy that it is. As Michael Moore explained so effectively in his flawed but overpowering polemic, Capitalism: A Love Story, FDR's post-war plan was to implement the Second Bill of Rights detailed in his 1944 State of the Union address, pledging a basic security for all Americans, underpinned by a national living wage and universal healthcare.

For all his vision and virtue, though, Roosevelt did make mistakes, and Smith isn’t afraid to deal with them at length. For a while during 1937-8, everything went wrong, and most of it was FDR’s fault, due to hubris, myopia or vindictiveness. His response to poorly-drafted legislation being overturned by the judiciary was an idiotic attempt at court-packing, he caused the ‘Roosevelt recession’ by cutting federal spending – before acting decisively to reverse the decision and remedy the situation – and his attempts to purge his rivals ahead of the 1938 election was an almost total failure. Later scandals or controversies are notably more complicated, though. Smith rejects out-of-hand the idea that Roosevelt had anything to do with Pearl Harbor (a conspiracy theory that continues to endure), though he does consider whether war could have been avoided (a lot of evidence is missing from the record) and looks at the issue of Japanese-Americans on the California coast being interned – though the decision wasn’t taken by FDR, who trusted his subordinates to make these difficult calls, he did sign off on it, and Smith regards it as one of the “shabbiest” executive orders ever made by a president. He’s more circumspect about Roosevelt’s lack of progressive action on race – the president relied on support from white supremacist Southern Democrats to pass legislation, including especially during WWII – though the GI Bill did cover all African-Americans, and his supposed inaction regarding Jewish refugees. In fact, FDR pushed the question relentlessly, and ultimately saved 150,000 people: a considerable achievement when one looks at how his hands were tied. As regards his stance on black America: you can ask whether it was right, but you can argue that it was realistic.


One of only two known photographs of FDR in a wheelchair, with dog Fala and little Ruthie Bie. The picture was taken by the president's cousin, Margaret Suckley.

Roosevelt emerges from the book as a decent, flawed and often brilliant man: a great communicator, with a gift for a new kind of conversational oratory (and for exploiting the possibilities of radio and television), and a genius for politics. He was loyal, calculating and ruthless, at times too intractable (like when he forced his friend Harry Hopkins, the brilliant socialist administrator, upon the 1940 convention as VP), but able to juggle political friendships and alliances with extraordinary élan. He was not an idealist in the conventional meaning of the word, but he did pursue ideals through pragmatism: offering sops and compromises to the right of his party, to ensure a solid support base that would enable him to force through his more controversial – and usually more important – measures. In the lead-up to World War Two, he shaped the debate and let public opinion run slightly ahead of him every step of the way, displaying integrity, courage and considerable skill, and circumventing the obstructions of opposition, and the small-print of legislation, to offer crucial materiel support to Britain. He also had an extraordinary understanding of political symbolism: prior to his final speech to Congress, he was seen publicly in a wheelchair just twice: firstly when the dean of John Howard University asked him to express solidarity with black students “crippled by race”, and secondly when he visited wounded soldiers who would never walk again.

This moving, powerful book shows an extraordinary sensitivity for both these personal details and the big topics of the day. Smith breaks off to deal with the complexities of race relations or the atomic bomb in one long section. Ahead of Pearl Harbor, he takes us behind the scenes, where we travel with the Japanese on their fateful mission, and meet the brilliant admiral, Isoroku Yamamoto, and his descriptions of battlefield tactics are the most invigorating, accessible and concisely thrilling I've ever read. He also heartbreakingly and brilliantly evokes FDR's subsequent inability to believe that the Navy he exalted had provided itself so thoroughly incompetent. Smith also foreshadows the future, highlighting the enduring significance of decisions, and showing us the fine margins of history: FDR’s plan for dividing Germany after the war wasn't followed because the state department had been excluded from the summit after Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, blackmailed his homosexual rival, Sumner Welles, into resigning. Those are just two of the brilliant characters in the book’s remarkable, brilliantly-sketched supporting cast, including Louis Howe – the gaunt former newspaper editor who did more than anyone to plot FDR’s route to the White House – feminist labour secretary, Frances Perkins, outspoken pro-business troll Al Smith, Winston Churchill – who is naked for much of the time; there’s also a cameo from the mighty Huey Long, described by Roosevelt as "the second most dangerous man in America", after Douglas MacArthur.


Perkins on the front of Time (August 14, 1933).

Smith is simply a great biographer, his comprehensive research matched by a brilliant gift for evoking mood in his writing: euphoria, pride, awe, anger, suspense, disgust or hilarity, and it is exceptionally funny at times: FDR’s tall tales are always good fun, though it’s Howe’s unbelievably cynical one-liners that are the real treat. He gets a taste of his own medicine from commentator John Gunther, who explained that Howe had no agenda of his own: “If FDR had come out for the Devil, it wouldn’t have mattered much to Louis Howe.” And often he just allows one of the greatest spokesman of the 20th century – accompanied by several of the finest speechwriters – to speak for himself. Often there’ll be an idea I’ve been grasping at but failing to articulate, and I’ll find that Roosevelt nailed it 80 years ago. Here he is essentially debunking the Conservative Party manifesto of 2017:

Better the occasional faults of a Government that lives in a spirit of charity than the consistent omissions of a Government frozen in the ice of its own indifference.
This extraordinary book does justice to the man, in all his blazing brilliance and human imperfection. It’s an unanswerable corrective to anyone who says that politics doesn’t change anything, that politicians don’t care, and that a person’s politics are – or should be – determined by their upbringing. It is also an indelible blueprint for how you plot, plan, finagle and compromise to force genuine and crucial change. (4)

***

See also: I've written a little below, in the Cabin in the Cotton review, about how FDR's election changed the cinematic landscape, but I'd like to talk much more about this, as American cinema has perhaps never been as politically engaged, or as in thrall to its incumbent president, as it was during his tenure. So I'll look at 'FDR's Hollywood' as a stand-alone blogpost some time in the coming months. In the meantime, and simply because I like you, here are a handful of bits from the book that amused me:


An FDR anecdote from his time as Assistant Secretary of the Navy.


Oh dear.


In many great non-fiction books, there's a passage that's a bit of a stretch. Here you go.


Stalin proves to be even worse at paying compliments than me.

***



The Heart of the Matter by Graham Greene (1948) – A Graham Greene masterwork about Scobie, a rigorously upstanding colonial policeman in an unnamed African state, whose unimpeachable integrity is challenged by his capacity for pity and lust, threatening him with eternal damnation in the eyes of his Catholic god – or at least to Scobie's fevered, depressed mind. It sounds bleak and heavy, and ultimately it is, but The Heart of the Matter is also sensitive, empathetic and very entertaining, vividly evoking the Sierra Leone of Greene's wartime experience, and being lit both by Scobie's mordant wit and a catalogue of memorable supporting characters.

There's the pink, podgy and poetic Wilson – smitten with Scobie's wife – the unhappy Harris, whose naïvete and loneliness leads him to pen a hilariously heartbreaking letter to his alumni magazine, boomingly hopeless cleric Father Rank, loyal servant Ali, and Yusef, the unfailingly polite, needy minor-league criminal who might just be playing Scobie like a fiddle. And then there are the two women in Scobie's life: his wife Louise, whose passive-aggression he meets with false declarations of love, desperate to protect her from harm, and the waif-like Helen, widowed at 19 and made transcendent by suffering.

Greene writes with such elegance, economy and lucidity of both image and idea that it takes the breath away: there are passages here as inspired as anything I've ever read. He crystallised the nature of memory in 56 words:
He couldn’t tell that this was one of those occasions a man never forgets: a small cicatrice had been made on the memory, a wound that would ache whenever certain things combined–the taste of gin at mid-day, the smell of flowers under a balcony, the clang of corrugated iron, an ugly bird flopping from perch to perch.
the colonial experience in a sentence or two:
For fifteen years he had watched the arrival of a succession of patients … He watched their temperature charts every one–the first outbreak of unreasonable temper, the drink too many, the sudden stand for principle after a year of acquiescence. The black clerks carried their bedside manner like doctors down the corridors; cheerful and respectful they put up with any insult.
and the nature of its protagonist through a description of a room containing nothing of his own, all within the first five pages. Near the end, as the book tumbles into despair, he describes a dead body lying "coiled and unimportant like a broken watchspring under a pile of empty petrol drums", a brilliantly ugly, inglorious, ignominious end. The coup de grâce is the six-page coda, laced with a surprise and irony so bitter you can barely stomach it; the antidote: Greene's Catholic catharsis, unsentimental, clear-eyed, and perfectly-weighted.

Your ability to embrace the book entirely may depend on your interest in the specificities of Catholic faith – I'm Catholic and found its intense, tortured theological relentlessness a little exhausting towards the end – but it's more than just a vehicle for Greene's religious interrogations, it's an insightful character study that engenders empathy, a love story and a colonial policier – the author certainly knew enough from his 'entertainments' not to let his audiences get bored.

For just three pages, The Heart of the Matter is also this gentle, playful thing, as Scobie soothes an ailing child by turning a po-faced missionary memoir, A Bishop Among the Bantus, into a story of murderous pirates being staked out by A. Bishop: Arthur Bishop. Perhaps he's doing it to impress or appeal to Helen, but like the killer in Kieslowski's A Short Film About Killing and as FDR says about Al Smith in a crucial peroration, it is when we see how someone is received by a child that we might glimpse their inherent goodness.



That scene is one of the highlights of the superb 1953 film adaptation of The Heart of the Matter, with Trevor Howard perfectly cast as Scobie, and one that's always meant a lot to me. (4)

***

FILMS



The Cabin in the Cotton (Michael Curtiz, 1932) – This could have been a decent movie if it had been made a year later, given a sensible leading man, and had got off the bloody fence. It’s the story of Marvin Blake (Richard Barthelmess), a penniless ‘peckerwood’ (cotton picker) who’s put through school by stereotypical Southern planter Berton Churchill (white suit, white hair, big belly, booming voice), and finds himself caught between his employer and his persecuted people. This being a Hollywood studio film of the 1930s, those two realms are represented by two women: flirtatious peroxided floozy Bette Davis – the boss’s daughter – and good-but-unglamorous girl, Dorothy Jordan.

Warner Bros were clearly so worried not to threaten their box office receipts, though, that the film refuses to come out on the side of the workers (or for that matter the bosses), instead getting splinters from all its fence-sitting, as we learn that the planters “take the risk” while the pickers – several of whom are thieves and arsonists – are simply disgusted at Barthelmess for “tryna be somebody”, rather than calling him out for selling out. The eleventh-hour machinations required to stress that Churchill was acting illegally, rather than exploiting the inequalities of capitalism, are also frankly embarrassing. A year later, when voters had come out overwhelmingly for the New Deal, Warner gave the public what it wanted, with left-leaning state-of-the-nation classics like Heroes for Sale (also starring Barthelmess), Wild Boys of the Road and I Am a Fugitive From a Chain Gang. Cabin in the Cotton affords Barthelmess one uncompromising spiel in his character’s climactic summation, but even that is followed by a right of reply.

I’m a fan of Barthelmess, but he is woefully miscast here – he was fresh-faced enough to play the boy next door in Way Down East and Tol’able David, but this is more than a decade later! You can’t play a clean-cut young man trying to find your place in the world when you’re 37. It was partly the star’s desire to keep playing these roles that led to his botched face lift in 1930, a time when the cosmetic industry was in its infancy, rendering his face virtually immobile. Though in time he learnt to use that to his advantage, in films like Four Hours to Kill! and Only Angels Have Wings (his great sound role), here he’s borderline hopeless, his mouth a drab smear, his face an expressionless mask.

Jordan, meanwhile, can’t act her way out of a cotton sack, though Davis is great fun in her breakthrough role, playing it broad, saucy and deceptively complex as a pampered Southern belle. Her character is manipulative and selfish, but there’s a vulnerability and an uncertainty there too, beneath the bluster, that anchors it in the realm of the real. She also gets to say one of the best lines of the decade, so perfectly rendered – and easily lampoonable – that it has transcended the movie: “I’d love to kiss ya, but I just washed ma hair.” Henry B. Walthall (like Barthelmess, a D. W. Griffith alumnus) has a nice bit too as an elder statemen, and I quite like the musicality of the film: Clarence Muse singing slave songs as a blind black picker, a jazz ensemble lighting up a planters’ dance as Barthelmess teaches the moneyed bosses how the proles dance.

The script, though, is too simplistic and hedged by timorousness to really score, and the technical limitations of 1932 make its fusing of exteriors and studio footage a little embarrassing (Tarzan, the Ape Man had similar problems with back projection the same year). Cabin in the Cotton is entertaining enough, and worth it for Bette completists and pre-Code nerds (hello, my people), but it’s not actually that, like, good. (2)

***



The LEGO Batman Movie (Chris McKay, 2017) – The Hellzapoppin' of superhero movies, its anarchic imagination throwing everything from dance numbers to Voldemort to a 'Bruce Wayne is a wanker' gag at us.

The density and hit-rate of its jokes is pretty incredible, as is the conception of Bats (perfectly-voiced by Will Arnett) as a conceited, showboating and commitment-phobic loser whose neuroses prevent him from being very good at his job. It can't quite maintain the momentum of its astonishing opening half-hour ("Yeah, as long as they're best friends"), which even makes the logos funny, but then neither could Hellzapoppin' – and it's just such good fun.

I think LEGO could have made as much money putting out safe, less clever, less original movies. It gives me a bit of faith in the world that they didn't. (3)

See also: I wrote about The LEGO Movie here, which first introduced this ridiculous Batman.

***

LIVE: Jackson Browne at the Royal Albert Hall
Saturday 24 June, 2017



I've listened to Jackson Browne's 1977 live album, Running on Empty hundreds of times over the years – it's one of those records that seems like it's always been there, this monolithic, thrilling thing, full of frailty and pain – so hearing him thundering through its title track, the years falling off him, was one of those privileges of my current life that doesn't feel quite real.

The show gets its character from the good-humoured, silver-haired Browne – weathering a deluge of requests, sticking to his setlist while affably pretending not to – leading a tight, subtly virtuosic band who are each given a chance to shine on expanded versions of numbers from across his five-decade career.

Perhaps only a half-dozen of these songs are truly great – 'The Pretender', its sense of vision withstanding its forced rhyming, delivered with a timely urgency; 'Before the Deluge', another piano-led '70s triumph; 'These Days', which becomes more poignant with each passing year – but the others are often played with conviction, panache and thoughtfulness, the intelligent readings tightly-honed in soundcheck, but with room for inspiration. He does a moving ‘Call It a Loan’, homages four inspirations with well-chosen covers – including Carlos Varela’s ‘Walls and Doors’ and Randy Newman’s ‘A Piece of the Pie’, which namechecks Brown himself – and repeatedly exposes his sensitive side with the likes of ‘In the Shape of a Heart’ and ‘For a Dancer’ (another classic, written for a fallen friend, and performed beautifully at the piano), but he finds time too to rock out: and several of the rock-outs really work live, with fantastic guitar solos from Val McCallum, and fine pedal steel work by Greg Leisz.

The star’s voice is remarkably good, a little huskier and deeper, Browne a little shorter of breath than he used to be, but only a little, and that new sound – allied to his understanding of his talent – lends his more backwards-looking, weary songs a mighty pathos. Now and then he can only plod, trapped by a perfunctory number some way beneath his best, but most of the show is admirably adventurous and accomplished, and when he dips into his finest work, and races into that unmistakable ‘Running on Empty’ riff, it's very special indeed. It's that guy off the record I've always loved. He's still around, he's standing right there, and somehow I'm in the crowd. (3.5)

***

Thanks for reading.

Thursday, 13 August 2015

Bob Fosse, The Third Man and Marvel being truly marvellous for once - Reviews #212

Assorted pickings from the past month or so, minus the Lillian Gish and Barbara Stanwyck movies, which will get an entry all their own...

FILMS:



CINEMA: The Third Man (Carol Reed, 1949) - This titanic achievement occupies an odd, lone position within cinema: an English film with American leads that stands head and shoulders above other home-grown stabs at noir, with its stunning Graham Greene script - full of poetic sardonism, cynicism and sadness - Reed's vivid direction, laden with atmosphere and populated by dizzying, off-kilter camera angles, and a flawless cast at the peak of its powers.

Joseph Cotten is Holly Martins, "a hack writer who drinks too much and falls in love with girls". Flat broke, he arrives in the postwar vice-world of Vienna to accept a job from his pal Harry Lime, who he hasn't seen in nine years. When he gets to Lime's place, Harry's just been taken out in a coffin, and Cotton wants to get to the bottom of it, collaring his pals, falling in love with his girl (Alida Valli) and sparring endlessly with a sharp-minded officer British officer (Trevor Howard) and his sweet, lumpy sidekick (Bernard Lee) - who's a big fans of Holly's work.

Orson Welles once said that Cotten was a star, but he'd never make an actor. Welles, though, talked a lot of nonsense, and Cotten is thoroughly excellent as the bull-headed everyman several leagues out of his depth. His scenes with Valli form the emotional centre and substance of the film, soured with the unmistakably sad flavour of unrequited love. "I wouldn't stand a chance, would I?" he asks, drunk and lost in her apartment, the pair living forever in Lime's hefty shadow.

Then Welles himself enters as the villain - smirking in a doorway, lit from an open window - and the film enters the realm of the spectacular.

I'm not overly fascinated by new prints and the like, but the 4K restoration (I don't know what that is, I'll google it later) of The Third Man means that it's happily on the big screen once more, and looking very handsome. The main thing I got from the clean-up job - or perhaps just the size of the screen - were the scars on Howard's face and the visual beauty of that chilly closing scene.

I've seen the film probably 10 times before, but not for a few years, and was completely bowled over by it once more. I love Cotten's taxi ride from hell, Welles' panicked scarper away from the café, and the unprecedented mythmaking that prefigures his arrival in the film. I love his menace rising as the Ferris wheel that he and Cotton are riding reaches its zenith, then slipping back into easy, chubby-cheeked charm as they return to the ground. I love the big shadows on the run, the film's tone - poised between idealism, world-weariness and bristling anger - Howard's beautifully modulated performance, and that highly imitable zither tune. I love the way the spiral staircase looks from below, and the joke about the parrot. I love the faces of the villains, the best rogues' gallery since Casablanca, the kind of supporting players that you imagine the midwife looked at and said: "Congratulations, it's a character actor."

Most of all, I love its depiction of Lime: another Charles Foster Kane in his way, seen by those who knew him in a dozen different ways, with deadly charm, an irresistible boyishness and a way of trampling over everyone who loves him without thinking twice.

It's a fascinating, brilliant movie: original, gripping, entertaining, lyrical, devilishly funny, visually expressionistic and with one of the most extraordinary endings ever devised, which takes Hollywood wish-fulfilment and kicks it down the stairs, as the autumn leaves fall gently on a cemetery path, and Cotten leans on a truck, waiting for the girl he loves. (4)

***



All That Jazz (Bob Fosse, 1979) - A singular insight into the mind - and genius - of Bob Fosse, the choreographer, director and performer who revolutionised dance on both stage and screen.

It's all here: the bowler hats, cigarettes, clicking fingers, angular knees and leading shoulders that typified his routines. His obsession with sex. His fear of death. The drug habit, the insecurity, the arrogance and the obsessive drive to succeed and create and endure.

Roy Scheider gives the performance of his career, inhabiting the skin of Fosse's alter-ego, Joe Gideon, who's mounting a show and cutting a film (similar to Fosse's Lenny) whilst on his way to a massive coronary.

Full of self-justification, self-loathing, self-obsession, dream sequences, pathos, personal philosophy, rapid-fire cutting, and dazzling dance sequences - with Fosse using avant garde angles and, particularly, creative editing to help convey the sheer ecstasy of movement - it's one of the most personal and compelling personal statements ever put on film.

Whether you regard it as one of the all-time great musicals or a pretentious piece of unbearable onanism, though, is likely to depend on how much time you have for Fosse. I adore his work and admire his honesty and chutzpah, so for me it's right up there with the best that the genre has ever had to offer.

That's not only because of its unusually incisive, adult storyline, but also the jolts of joy that come from its numbers. From On Broadway - the groundbreaking montage that opens the film proper - through the rwo-part experimentation of Take Off With Us and the simple, charming emotionalism of Everything Old Is New Again, to the four back-to-back hallucination sequences near the close, it has moments as thrilling as those in any musical, even if its tendencies are darker than almost any other. (4)

***



Guardians of the Galaxy (James Gunn, 2014) - I'm finding it hard to keep up with the Marvel films, largely because I can't really be arsed, but I've caught around a third half of them. The only ones I've really loved before now have been X2 and Spider-Man 2, fair contenders for the crown of Best Superhero Movie Ever Made, the latter possessing two of the most intensely brilliant, heartbreaking action sequences I've seen: that astonishing train set-piece, and the rescue from the burning building. But apparently those film aren't canon, or something.

Of the recent batch, Thor was a stand-out, but I found Iron Man particularly wearying and Avengers by far the most disappointing, as I'd heard so many great things about it. Gloriously, Guardians of the Galaxy blasts the shit out of those laboriously tagged 'Marvel Cinematic Universe' films, and feels like everything Avengers should have been but wasn't. It's irreverent where Avengers was smug, deft where that film was portentous, and unpredictable where its rival was ponderous and pompous.

The story is practically the same: a bunch of disparate, essentially noble badasses try to get their mitts on a power source, while stalked by various nefarious parties, including a slightly camp psychopath. But whereas Avengers seemed overwhelmed by its formulaic story, James Gunn's film delights in diverting from it, and its sense of humour is genuinely intelligent and subversive, punched across by vividly-drawn characters, from Chris Pratt's motherless, rather guileless mercenary, to a bazooka toting raccoon ("What's a raccoon?") voiced by Bradley Cooper, and a perpetually furious vigilante (Dave Bautista's Drax) who's bent on wreaking vengeance against that fey megalomaniac I mentioned (Lee Pace).

Occasionally the humourless villainy intrudes, and it's weird to see a supporting Peter Serafinowicz playing such a conventional, unfunny part, but for the most part it's magic, the tone set perfectly by Pratt's little dance sequence at the start, and the film striking a fine balance between action, humour and human emotion. (3.5)

PS: Feel free to correct my understanding of what constitutes a Marvel movie, I don't know much about it. (3.5)

***



The Last Waltz (Martin Scorsese, 1978) - The sound. That sound. Made largely by Canadians masquerading as authentic Southerners it may be, but I could happily drown in it.

The Band were Ronnie Hawkins' backing group and then Bob Dylan's band during his first electric tours, before becoming a force - a tour-de-force - on their own terms, fashioning an audial aesthetic that was basically 'the Cool, Slightly Troubled, Quasi-Biblical Rock Band of the Confederacy', their consummate individual musicianship somehow creating a whole where there were no joins, just a perfectly balanced, immersive, swampy, swinging, dingy, timeless, nostalgic, new and overwhelming sound.

The Last Waltz, much lauded, much parodied - not least by Spinal Tap - is theoretically, and according to most anyone you ask, a concert film about their final gig. But it's not really. The gig went on for four-and-a-half hours, while this film comes in at under two, including interviews conducted in the weeks before and after, and a few numbers shot separately, while the bits that are from the show are broadcast in a completely different order, aside from the opening and closing songs. Added to that, that staple of the concert film, audience reaction, is conspicuously absent: there are - at most - five crowd shots in the entire thing. The focus is on the band, and that focus is tight.

Because what The Last Waltz is, is a loving portrait of the group, with some sensational if slightly uprooted performances, and an intimacy that I found very attractive and completely unexpected. The group's camaraderie, its quicksilver chemistry, its union of perfect, complementary personalities is captured - apparently effortlessly, though almost certainly not - by Scorsese's intuitive camera set-ups, his incisive, intelligent editors, and a love of performance, of music, and particularly of his subject that's utterly beguiling, without getting dragged down by hagiography or hyperbole.

I'm lucky enough to work at probably the most famous rock venue in Britain, and I see a lot of gigs all over, but there's very little that can match the potency of The Band here, when they're really cooking. The performances of Up on Cripple Creek, The Shape I'm In and Ophelia are absolutely outstanding, and there are strong versions of their instant standards, The Weight, featuring Mavis Staples - though that one was shot later in the studio - and that immortal Civil War song, The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down.

Staples isn't the only guest star here, it's worth pointing out. Clapton turns up for a scintillating guitar duel with the coolest man on earth, The Band's Robbie Robertson; Muddy Waters sings Mannish Boy; Van Morrison leaps all over Caravan, complete with high-kicks; Joni Mitchell delivers a tender, coyly sexy Coyote; Neil Young is absolutely coked off his tits and had to have a big blob of the stuff removed from his nose in post-production; while an out-of-tune Dylan sings two of his own, before an all-star version of I Shall Be Released. There's also Emmylou Harris crooning the heartbreaking Evangeline from an MGM soundstage.

Not bad, really. I wouldn’t mind mates like those. Apart from the drugs.

At the same time, the film does have a few shortcomings. There are a handful of duff numbers, with Dr John and Neil Diamond a little out of their league, and a couple of the Band's own songs falling relatively flat. In addition, while they do share colourful stories and moments of honest boorish braggadocio and musical insight in the interview snippets, Scorsese's earnestness and poor questioning technique can be both embarrassing and lacking in results.

It also disrupts the flow of the film. There are some clever cuts between performance and back-story, but the choppy structure tends to halt the movie's momentum and prevent us from feeling as if we're really at The Last Waltz for any longer than a song or two at a time. Because when we are, and when The Band are on form, I can't think of anywhere I'd rather be. (3.5)

***



Damsels in Distress (Whit Stillman, 2011) - I saw this when it opened the Bradford Film Festival in 2012 and was rather overwhelmed: not by the film itself, necessarily, but by the return of one of my all-time favourite filmmakers, ending a 14-year hiatus from the screen. The word had been that Whit Stillman, the writer-director behind Metropolitan, Barcelona and The Last Days of Disco would never make another movie, and yet here it was. I said then that I loved Damsels, but with reservations, and that only repeat viewings would reveal the precise depths of its myriad charms. Well here's repeat viewing #1.

It starts off pretty poorly, introducing us - via naïve new pupil Analeigh Tipton - to a clique of three girls, led by the self-assured, opinionated Violet (Greta Gerwig), who run a suicide prevention centre at a college largely dominated by masculine frattery. Wobbling and hobbling through its early stages, it seems to be firing off ideas almost at random, leaving little clue as to where we're supposed to stand with any of these characters, some of whom are barely sketched in at all. Then cracks appear in the edifice and it starts to click, and for the final hour just gets better and better, proceeding to completely charm the pants off anyone who'll let it (or indeed stick with it for that long).

I do think it's Stillman's weakest film by quite some distance: though the fratboy characters can be funny, they're so unrealistically stupid that they undermine the film; the misogynistic Xavier is hateful to watch, but not in any important way; and while it makes many small points, each reached through Stillman's singular, ceaselessly questioning mind, I'm not sure it has an overarching one.

It is, though, illuminated by the incomparable Gerwig, speaking in that unmistakably Stillmanish way and every bit as good as she was in Greenberg and would be in Frances Ha. It's also full of memorable theories, off-kilter ideas and thoroughly unexpected delights, including a final reel that comes out of nowhere and offers some of the most immersive escapism of recent years.

I can understand why people would hate it, especially if they mistake the quirks of the characters for the quirks of the writer - Stillman is sympathetic to his leads, though not blinded to their faults - but I kind of love it, aware as I am of its many failings. (3)

***



Total Recall (Paul Verhoeven, 1990) - It took me a while to see this one. As you'll know, it's an engrossing, exciting sci-fi actioner, based on the usual cumbersomely-titled Philip K. Dick's story, with Arnie as an amnesiac mystery man whose past is tied up with a colony on Mars. There's director Verhoeven's usual superb action editing, heavy-handed but effective social commentary - this time about imperialism and the plight of the poor - and strong if overly sexualised female characters, along with a narrative that's genuinely original and really keeps you guessing. The film is slightly of its time, a little excessive, and not particularly pretty to look at, while Arnie's as wooden as a front door, of course, though he is good at pretending to kick people. (3)

***



Cabaret (Bob Fosse, 1972) - I hated this film when I was first saw it as a teenager, perhaps because of my discomfort with its sleazy milieu, perhaps because you need to have known more of love and life to appreciate it. Since then, though, I've developed something of an obsession with Bob Fosse, from his personal pyrotechnics in The Affairs of Dobie Gillis and Kiss Me Kate, to his dazzling choreography in The Pajama Game et al, and that slice of unforgettable autobiography, All That Jazz (see above), so I thought I better revisit it, and I'm glad I did.

Cabaret tells the story of an upright, dinosaur-faced plank of wood (Michael York) who comes to Berlin in 1931 to teach English, and finds himself drawn into the world of the cabaret, largely by his saucy next-door neighbour, the flighty, capricious Sally Bowles (Liza Minnelli). But on the streets, the power of the Nazis is rising...

It's a baffling mixture of the sublime and the drab. Minnelli is simply magnificent, the numbers are absolutely superb - especially her two solo spots and the stunningly choreographed Mein Herr - with Fosse's genius filtered through the strictures and style of 1930s cabaret, and the director's distinctive, virtuosic editing (in conjunction with David Bretherton) masterfully snaps, shoves and manhandles us into this vividly realised world, where Joel Grey's playful, androgynous master of ceremonies takes glorious centre stage.

And yet the rest of it often barely works at all. The political sequences are erratic - Tomorrow Belongs to Us is superb, but the film's employment of patronising hindsight is not - while the domestic sequences are shot in an artificial, lifeless, soft-focus manner, and dragged down by York's complete lack of credibility, which consistently thwarts the dramatic momentum that Minnelli is managing to swing from rather substandard material.

While life may be a cabaret, old chum, it's only in the cabaret where this film actually comes to life. (3)

***



The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 1 (Francis Lawrence, 2014) - Not much happens, Julianne Moore phones it in insultingly, and the script's anti-authoritarianism engages on only the most juvenile, superficial level, but Jennifer Lawrence's pretty nose, sincere, throaty singing and immense, shimmering talent make so much of it work.

Throw in a couple of unexpectedly touching moments with Hensworth, a seductive Lord Haw-Haw-style subplot and one big shock, and it all proves very watchable: a touch better, I think, than the reheated Catching Fire, if less bracing and compelling than the initial film.

Mockingjay: Part I isn't as deep, important or weighty as it often appears to imagine, but when Lawrence is on screen, it seems oddly and unexpectedly real, and - with it - unusually affecting.

The score's lovely too. (2.5)

***



Gattaca (Andrew Niccol, 1997) - Have you got half an hour, because Ethan Hawke wants to read a voiceover to you. This sci-fi movie, which would almost certainly work better as a book, is intriguing and on the cusp of being gripping, as it imagines a world in which life expectancy is all, but its frequent lapses in internal logic and plausibility tug at your attention. Still, it's hard to be too harsh on a movie that features Tony Shalhoub, Alan Arkin, Ernest Borgnine and Gore Vidal. (2.5)

***



Batman Returns (Tim Burton, 1992) - A noisy, nasty, cartoonish and confusing sequel to Burton's largely unbearable Batman (1989), with the Ineffectual, Slow-Punching Crusader (Michael Keaton) facing two new villains: an amphibious crimelord called The Penguin (Danny DeVito) - who has serious issues about childhood abandonment - and a dazed, high-kicking PVC sex kitten, Catwoman (Michelle Pfeiffer), who is sort of sexy but sort of just looks like Felix the Cat. Christopher Walken's also hanging around for no good, as per usual.

While Burton and screenwriter Daniel Waters play almost every scene for laughs, grotesquery or innuendo, the moments of character insight are genuinely touching - especially those between Bats and Cats - there are a handful of good lines, and Pfeiffer's transformation is handled with the neat grasp of iconography that occasionally illuminated the first film. And if it's a film that's rarely anything special, it's also rarely dull, at least until a witless and overlong climax (Burton has no aptitude for directing action), somehow redeemed by a sentimental coda.

The acting is also pretty good, if you like broad, heightened comic book shenanigans, with DeVito effectively disgusting as the lascivious, insane warlord, and Pfeiffer close to dynamic, neatly offset by Keaton's underplaying, the star making for a compellingly understated Wayne if a completely uninteresting Batman.

For all that, though, I like the incisive, exalting montage of footage - cut to the score - in the touring Danny Elfman show far more than I can stomach either of Burton's Batman pictures in full. (2.5)

***



CINEMA: Minions (Kyle Balda and Pierre Coffin, 2015) - On the one hand, this should really be the best movie ever, because… well, because it’s Minions. The Minions material in Despicable Me 2 was quite hysterically funny, the stand-alone shorts they feature in are a joy, and now they’ve got a whole film to themselves. On the other hand, it could have all gone disastrously wrong, since devoting an entire film to characters that are essentially comic relief is a gamble in artistic if not commercial terms (the marketing behemoth that is the Minions continues to conquer all), especially when they can’t actually speak, at least not in any recognisable terms.

As it is, Minions is a mild disappointment but by no means a catastrophe: a functional film with a promising premise, a decent prologue and some very funny moments, which gets bogged down with hideously bland supporting characters, an insistence on presenting the same tiresome idea of Britain perpetuated by innumerable, interminable American films, and setting the bulk of movie in 1968 for no other reason than its final scene. Wouldn’t it be funny if the Queen could do karate, though? No, that wouldn’t be funny at all, that would be crap.

The story sees Minion favourites Kevin, Stuart and the enthusiastic, child-like Bob going in search of a new supervillain to serve, after accidentally killing a dinosaur, a vampire and hundreds of Egyptians. Enlisted by pouty, posing darling of the criminal underworld Scarlet Overkill (voiced by Sandra Bullock), they travel to England to steal the Queen’s crown, but not everything goes to plan...

Sometimes there’s the sharp, offbeat sense of humour that lit up the Despicable Me films – that amazing joke on the news report about the new king is worthy of Lord and Miller – and there are also a couple of really sweet moments near the close, but more often than not it’s safe and rather blunt, with jokes that are amusing but ephemeral, and the feeling of a missed opportunity, especially when they came up with such a neat little set-up.

If you do see it, stay around for the credits, and not just the first bit - there's a rather lovely curtain call at the close. (2.5)

***



Shockproof (Douglas Sirk, 1949) - This maligned mixture of 'women's picture' and noir is actually an interesting story of nice guy parole officer Cornel Wilde falling in love with one of his charges (Patricia Knight), a murderess besotted with a slimy criminal (John Baragrey).

There are touches of Remember the Night and Cry of the City, but this Douglas Sirk movie - with a script by Sam Fuller, who didn't like what was done with it - is generally fresh, involving and humane, until a formulaic final third capped with a stupid ending. (2.5)

***



Ladies In Love (Edward H. Griffith, 1936) - A fair film about the romantic escapades of three young women - Loretta Young, Constance Bennett and the great Janet Gaynor - sharing an apartment in Budapest.

It veers between facile comedy and gloomy drama, but I enjoyed its ultimate unpredictability and lack of naïveté, and the cast is interesting, including up-and-coming stars Don Ameche and Tyrone Power, as well as moon-faced Simone Simon playing a smitten schoolgirl.

I watched it chiefly due to my Gaynorfandom. It's not one of her best roles, but she has decent chemistry with Ameche, especially when they're bickering, and was always an appealing screen presence even when she had little to work with. (2)

***



Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck (Brett Morgen, 2015) - Kurt Cobain: Montage of Crap.

I can't believe they even put this out, it's so poorly done. A pretentious, unilluminating and tedious treatment of a fascinating subject, filmed in a witless, muddled montage style full of found footage, disingenuous editing, dated MTV-style cuts, and animated, decontextualised journal entries, these elements together apparently intended to approximate the mind of the manic depressive, heroin-addicted voice of a generation.

Plus Courtney Fucking Love.

There are occasional highlights - a few live flourishes, Cobain singing And I Love Her, Dave Grohl telling Love she has a round face - but seriously, no, watch Amy and then go back and try again. And if anyone watching wants a real insight into Cobain's mind, just listen to In Utero.

I didn't think you could make a boring film about him, but I've been proved wrong at least twice now. (1)

***

BOOKS:



Sirens of Titan by Kurt Vonnegut (1959)
– My dad’s favourite Vonnegut book sadly isn’t mine. The author’s second novel is about the relationship between omniscient, perhaps omnipotent philanthropist Winston Niles Rumfoord – who appears on Earth for an hour every 59 days – and his embattled plaything, a feckless, fortunate billionaire by the name of Malachi Constant, who across the course of his life will travel from Earth to Mars to Mercury to Titan (a moon of Saturn) and then back to Earth, being variously venerated and eviscerated by the strange cult that Rumfoord seems to be manufacturing. Operating within a sci-fi universe that Vonnegut would ultimately shape into something more human and relatable, it’s superbly put together, but its bleak, fatalistic, meticulously-constructed narrative makes the whole experience feel slightly stunted and static, its incisive, extensive existential ruminations and withering social comment offset by a sense of nastiness and detachment, and most damagingly the absence of that freewheeling joie de vivre that marks his better, later books. (3)

***



The Furies by Niven Busch (1948) – An enjoyable wallow in Busch’s world of Freudian Western weirdness, as the author of Duel in the Sun and the movie Pursued introduces us to the unforgettable Vance Jeffries, a strong-willed, erratic young woman yanked around by her alarmingly intense relationship with her father: the overbearing, ever-guffawing megalomaniac known to all as 'T. C.'. The book is frequently overlooked nowadays in favour of Anthony Mann’s risible cinematic adaptation, a favourite of the Cahiers du Cinema crowd (more of which in my next post), but it’s far more worthwhile: narratively uneven, but atmospheric and full of great characters and bravura moments, written in the punchy, hard-boiled prose style you’d expect from one of the most sought-after screenwriters of his era. (3)

***

Thanks for reading.